To some observers, the emergence of Bernie Sanders, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and other parts of the American left can appear to have come from nothing. Yet by looking at the intellectual and political changes of the 1970s and 1980s, we can see that they in fact have clear historical origins. The idea of a ‘rainbow coalition’ in particular reveals how they owe much to concepts developed in this foundational period.
A Master’s degree and a PhD are both postgraduate qualifications, but they serve different functions within academia. The distinction affects expectations around study, research, independence,
In modern smart grids, the majority of electromagnetic interference (EMI), particularly within the conducted emission frequency range, arises from Power Electronic (PE) converters. These converters have the potential to cause EMC issues. In accordance with European and British directives, EMC compliance mandates that devices operating within a network should function without introducing interference that leads to “substantial degradation of service under normal operating conditions.” Consequently, any device intended for the market must undergo tests specified in standards like CISPR-16.
The PhD journey can make us lose hope, feeling trapped in the melancholy that often befriends the doctoral journey. But this empowering and uplifting article, written from a South African perspective, explores the idea of hope being an important friend to PhD candidates, helping us reach the finish line to graduation. Alongside the author’s personal journey with mental health, the article emphasises the importance of prioritising wellbeing, changing strategy when things aren’t working, and always remaining hopeful for the future.
